The Link Between Allergies and Eczema
If you suffer from eczema, you may also be prone to allergies. Research shows that people with eczema are more likely to develop allergies than those without skin conditions. Allergies can be disruptive to everyday life, and make activities such as spending time outdoors and eating out, less enjoyable. Understanding the link between eczema and allergies can help you find effective ways to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.
There is increasing evidence suggesting a link between eczema and allergies. Around one-third of adults who experienced eczema in childhood now suffer from hay fever or asthma in adulthood, even if their eczema has gone into remission. Research has also shown that if one or more parents have eczema, hay fever, or asthma, their child is more likely to suffer from eczema. The child will also have an increased risk of developing allergies or asthma. The chances of passing on these conditions genetically are around 35%.
What are Allergies and how do they Relate to Eczema?
Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a substance that is normally harmless, such as pollen, dust, or certain foods. This overreaction can cause a range of symptoms, including sneezing, itching, and swelling. Eczema, on the other hand, is a skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. While allergies and eczema are two separate conditions, they are often linked. In fact, many people with eczema also have allergies, and some experts believe that eczema may be an allergic reaction itself. 80% of children with eczema will develop hay fever or asthma in adulthood.
Atopic eczema mainly affects those who suffer from allergies. ‘Atopic’ means sensitive to allergens. Allergy-related eczema is also known as contact dermatitis, contact eczema, or allergic dermatitis.
Research is still ongoing to confirm how allergies and eczema are related. However, there are some theories that are gathering evidence. One theory is that eczema causes an individual’s skin to become more vulnerable, allowing germs and allergens in. These allergens then go on to cause inflammation. This could explain why allergens can cause an eczema flare-up.
Another theory for the link between eczema and allergies relates to immunoglobin. Immunoglobin (IgE) is an antibody created by the body when it comes into contact with an allergen. Eczema sufferers have higher levels of these antibodies than non-sufferers. Further studies are needed to establish why this is.
Symptoms of an eczema-related allergy tend to occur a day or two after exposure to the allergen.
Symptoms of Eczema-Related Allergies:
Eczema Flare-Up
Redness or itching on areas of skin not affected by eczema
Sore or red eyes
Hives
Swelling
Watering or Burning Eyes
Runny Nose
Coughing
Breathing Difficulties- in severe reactions
Common Allergens that Can Trigger Eczema
There are several common allergens that can trigger eczema in people who are sensitive to them. It’s important to identify your specific triggers and take steps to avoid them as much as possible in order to manage your eczema symptoms. Your doctor may also recommend allergy testing to help identify any underlying allergies that may be contributing to your eczema.
The most common eczema-related allergens:
Pollen
Dust Mites
Pets
Food Groups (typically dairy, eggs, soy, wheat, or nuts)- Almost 40% of children with eczema also have some type of food allergy or sensitivity.
Fabrics- often wool or synthetic materials
Latex
Nickel
Perfume
Hair Dye
Cleaning Products
Poison Ivy + other plants
Tips for Managing Eczema and Allergies
Thankfully allergy- triggered eczema flare-ups tend to be short-lived, with symptoms clearing up within a few weeks for most individuals. In this case, it is essential you identify the allergen so you can avoid future contact. If you suffer from both eczema and allergies, there are several things you can do to manage your symptoms.
Treatment Options for Eczema-Related Allergies:
Anti-Histamines
Avoid Triggers
Moisturising- can help with symptoms (but not the cause)
Topical Creams/Ointments- these can soothe your skin and reduce inflammation
Allergy Testing
See a doctor to review other treatment options
When to seek Medical help for Eczema and Allergies
If you are experiencing severe or persistent symptoms of eczema or allergies, it is important to seek medical help. This may include seeing a dermatologist or allergist who can provide a more comprehensive evaluation and recommend appropriate treatment options. In some cases, prescription medications or other interventions may be necessary to manage your symptoms and improve your overall quality of life. Don't hesitate to reach out for help if you are struggling with eczema or allergies.
To assess a potential allergy, a doctor will first conduct a visual examination. They will then possibly issue a patch test or allergy test. A patch test is carried out by placing a small amount of an allergen under a patch and observing its effect over 48 hours. An allergy test is done by placing a tiny amount of a substance under your skin and observing how you react. Redness, swelling, or a raised lump often confirm an allergy.
Your doctor may also offer you a blood test. This will be checking for IgE (immunoglobin) which is a substance your body produces when experiencing an allergic reaction.
Another medical treatment you may be offered is an allergy shot. These work in the same way as a vaccination. A doctor will inject a small amount of the allergen to expose your body slowly. This builds up your resistance over time, and eventually stops your allergy symptoms and, in some cases, improves eczema.
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